The subject of this study is the powers of local governments in the nomadic societies of the steppe Pre-Caucasus, using the example of Nogais and Trukhmen. Based on the analysis of the regulatory legal framework governing the life of nomads and the materials of office practice identified in the funds of the State Archive of the Stavropol Territory, the powers of local governments have been determined and classified. The development of this study was carried out using the tools of legal history. In conclusion, it is concluded that along with its own powers based on the synthesis of customary and positive law norms, there were facts of the delegation of certain competencies by the state to local governments. The findings suggest that the imperial authorities on the foreign outskirts actively used the norms of customary law, gradually integrating them into positive law.

The article examines the formation and changes in the location of Prince A.I. Baryatinsky's book collection. He formed part of this book collection during his military service in the Caucasus. There is also evidence that it was one of the first libraries in the region. When the prince left the Caucasus, he took his collected books with him, along with other valuables.

Currently, A.I. Baryatinsky's library is scattered. During his lifetime, he bequeathed part of his book collection to his brother, who donated it to the Historical and Rumyantsev Museums in Moscow. Some of the books were also stored in the Kursk region, where the Baryatinsky estate, Marino, was located near the village of Ivanovskoye in the Lgovsky district of the Kursk province. Currently, the majority of A.I. Baryatinsky's book collection is housed in the Rare Books Department of the State Public Historical Library. However, a number of volumes can also be found in other repositories. This scientific issue has been the focus of attention for bibliographers and historians for a long time.

When describing A.I. Baryatinsky's book collection, it is important to highlight its versatility and the presence of literature by renowned authors in both Russian and foreign languages. The library also included rare books. During his service in the Caucasus, A.I. Baryatinsky inherited books collected by Joseph Vielgorsky. Subsequently, the prince expanded his collection by purchasing books by P.M. Stroev, A.F. Hilferding, V.I. Kasatkin, and others.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main regulatory acts that reflected the administrative and territorial transformations in the Central Caucasus during the transition to military and people's administration in the second half of the 19th century. The empirical basis of the study consists of the regulatory acts of the Russian authorities on the administrative and territorial structure of the Central Caucasus in the second half of the 19th century. These include: the Caucasian Committee's Regulation "On Certain Changes in the Administration of the Submissive Tribes of the Caucasus" dated December 10, 1857, the Emperor's Personal Decree to the Senate on the Transformation of the Vladikavkaz Fortress into a City dated March 31, 1860, the Regulation "On the Administration of the Terek Region" dated 1862, the Regulation "On the Administration of the Caucasian Viceroyalty" dated December 9, 1867, the Institution for the Administration of the Caucasian and Transcaucasian Regions dated 1876, and others. The study found that the legal framework for administrative and territorial transformations in the Central Caucasus during the period under review was a complex set of interrelated documents that reflected the imperial policy of integrating the region and the desire to establish sustainable military and public administration. It was taken into account that the legal and regulatory framework for administrative and territorial transformations and changes in the territorial jurisdiction of government agencies and local judicial and administrative control in the Central Caucasus from 1769 to 1858 evolved from fragmented legal acts (decrees, instructions, and rescripts) to more systematic legal acts (Regulations, institutions, etc.). At the same time, elements of traditional governance were preserved and adapted to the conditions of the Russian administration.

The article is devoted to some features of the political discourse on the establishment of the treasury in the Nalchik District in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The study is based on the business records of the RGVI and the UTsGA of the KBR. The study reveals that the need for a treasury in the district became relevant after the reforms of 1888 and was included in the discussion agenda of the authorities as early as 1898. It should be noted that at various times, the management and head of the Nalchik District, the management and head of the Terek Region, the Stavropol Treasury Chamber, the Caucasian Viceroy, the Main Directorate of the Cossack Troops, the Ministry of Finance and the State Treasury, the State Duma, the State Council, and the Governing Senate were involved in the discussion of these issues. It is concluded that the main issues of political discourse were the search for sources of additional funding and the expansion of infrastructure facilities in the Nalchik District (search for long-term lease or construction of a building for the treasury), the provision of qualified personnel for the treasury (manager, accountants, etc.), the development of a network of industrial and commercial enterprises, the increasing importance of Nalchik as a health resort, the categorization of the Nalchik treasury in the system of imperial treasuries, the determination of the staff structure and funding volume, etc.

The article is devoted to the study of the early stages of the Nalchik District's telephoning in the early 20th century. The study is based on the examination of explanatory notes by the head of the Vladikavkaz telephone network, estimates for the installation of telephone communication in the Nalchik District, reports from the Terek Regional Administration on the technical support of the Nalchik District's telephone network, resolutions of the rural communities of the Nalchik District's 3rd district on connecting the settlements of the district to each other and to the village of Nalchik, and correspondence between the Terek Regional Administration and the head of the Nalchik District on these issues. It is noted that the study of this process in the Nalchik District in the early 20th century allows us to assess the degree of its economic integration into the all-Russian space, identify the role of the state and social capital in the development of regional infrastructure, etc. It has been established that in the second half of the 1900s, the telephoning of the Nalchik District was an important issue in the socio-political discourse and required careful preparation, including the development of projects, the determination of the geographical and technical parameters of the network, the improvement of communication quality, the use of outdated legal acts, the search for funding sources, etc. It is concluded that at that time, the telephoning of the Nalchik District was a complex task that required significant efforts at all levels of government and public participation. This process was not just a technical project, but an important element of socio-political discourse that reflected the desire to modernize and improve the region's infrastructure.

The article, based on archival materials, examines the activities of military hospitals and the Uryupinsk military infantry school evacuated to the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. The organization of accommodation and everyday life of the wounded and sick in evacuation hospitals is analyzed. The issues of the personnel of medical workers, their advanced training, treatment of the wounded using physiotherapy, mud therapy, mineral baths, climatotherapy, physical methods of treatment and exercise therapy are considered. The measures to prevent epidemic diseases in evacuation hospitals and the organization of the evacuation of military hospitals in connection with the approach of the front to the territory of the republic are studied. The organization of the placement of evacuation hospitals after the liberation of Kabardino-Balkaria from the occupiers is studied. The difficulties of everyday life and medical care for wounded soldiers and commanders of the Red Army are shown. The experience of work on the organization of treatment, life, food, patronage assistance of the public in caring for wounded soldiers and events on conducting ideological and political work in hospitals is summarized. The activities of the Uryupinsk military infantry school for training officers for the Red Army are studied. Graduates of the school, natives of Kabardino-Balkaria, who took part in military operations as part of the North Caucasian Front and other formations are identified. The conclusion is made that, despite all the difficulties of the socio-economic development of the country, the region, due to social support from the state, patronage assistance from enterprises, collective farms, educational institutions and public organizations, the normal functioning of evacuation hospitals and a military school in extreme war conditions was ensured. 

This article examines the post-war recovery of tourist and excursion sites in a specific region. Before the Great Patriotic War, Krasnodar Krai was a key center for tourism and excursion activities, distinguished from other regions of the Soviet Union by its diverse natural, historical, and cultural sites, a variety of tourist routes, and the accommodations necessary for Soviet citizens' vacations. Our research concluded that in the post-war period, along with the restoration of all sectors of industry and agriculture, the state actively promoted the development of tourism infrastructure and excursion activities. Attention was paid to both the physical anThe Great Patriotic War; reconstruction; tourism; tourist centers; excursions; hiking; recreationd patriotic education of Soviet citizens and particular attention was paid to sites from the country's heroic past. The process of restoring the tourism industry and developing its material and human resources is examined. Addressing this issue requires an objective approach dictated by the goal of uncovering the historical truth.

This paper presents a comprehensive ethnological analysis of migration processes in Abkhaz society, interpreted through the paradigm of cultural trauma. From the 19th to the 21st centuries, these processes have initiated a fundamental transformation of the social structure and collective identity of the Apsua. The study focuses on the genesis of migration, determined by the colonial policy of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus, which led to the formation of a global diaspora network. Contemporary drivers of migration flows are analyzed, including the consequences of military-political conflicts of the 20th century, as well as their socio-demographic consequences for the historical homeland, expressed in a radical transformation of the ethno-demographic landscape of Abkhazia. Particular attention is paid to strategies for constructing and maintaining ethnic identity in the diaspora, in particular, the institutionalization of cultural practices, the role of ethnic associations, and the use of digital technologies for the transmission of cultural heritage. Central to the analysis is the ethno-ethical code Apsuara as a key mechanism of resistance to assimilation pressures and the preservation of cultural authenticity. It is concluded that the Abkhaz diaspora has evolved into a dynamic transnational social organism, engaged in a constant dialogue with the historical homeland and acting as an active agent of glocalization of Abkhaz identity.

The article is devoted to the study of some features of the transformation of modern gastronomic culture of the Kabardians. The study is based on the materials of field research and expert interviews. The article examines the features of the transformation of traditional dishes of the Kabardian national cuisine, which are made from meat, fermented milk products, cereals, fruits and berries, vegetables, etc. It is noted that the gastronomic culture of the Kabardians continues to change, while retaining its main authentic qualities, but is transformed under the influence of modern trends (globalization, commercialization of traditional cuisine, changes in living conditions, etc.). It has been established that many of the authentic qualities of Kabardian national cuisine are preserved in meat dishes, dairy products, cereals, fruits, berries, vegetables, melons, and other crops, as well as in beverages. Special attention is paid to the names of Kabardian traditional dishes in the national language. Based on expert interviews, the prospects for the development of Kabardian cuisine are identified. It is concluded that the current set of traditional gastronomic dishes is one of the main markers of the ethno-cultural identity of the Kabardians. 

The study is devoted to identifying and characterizing the main trends in the transformation of customs and traditions of modern wedding rituals among the Kabardians, based on the analysis of archival and field materials, the results of statistical processing of the data obtained, and expert interview– P. The study revealed that the Kabardians currently maintain a number of traditional customs and traditions of the wedding cycle, but in a modified form that has been adapted to modern realitie– P. It is noted that many wedding rituals retain their names in the Kabardian-Cherkessian language, which partly reflects some elements of their ethno-cultural identity. Based on the analysis of expert interviews and field materials, a number of trends in the transformation of modern Kabardian wedding rituals have been identified, including the theatricalization and increased spectacle of these rituals, the variability and adaptability of traditional rituals to modern realities, the reduction in the duration of wedding rituals, the combination of ethno-cultural and religious rituals, and so on. It is concluded that a significant number of traditional wedding rituals continue to be used in modern practice, although there are also those that have lost their significance and are no longer practiced. Despite significant transformations, the wedding rituals of the Kabardians remain an important marker of their ethno-cultural identity. 

This article presents a brief historiographical overview of the incorporation of Ingushetia into the Russian state, focusing on two issues: the nature of this process, as reflected in the terminology used ("acceptance of citizenship," "unification/voluntary entry," "annexation/subjugation," etc.), and its dating. The historiography is examined chronologically, from the 1770s to the present, allowing us to trace the dynamics of historians' judgments and conclusions, in their close relationship with the objective historical and political conditions and ideological concepts that directly influenced the historical narrative during the period in the state's history under consideration (the Russian Empire, the Soviet era, the post-Soviet decade, and contemporary Russia).

This historiographical overview demonstrates that the issues identified were controversial and reflected diverse points of view throughout the periods examined. They remain relevant today. However, despite the polarity of scholarly opinions on the date of Ingushetia's incorporation into Russia, as well as the antagonism in judgments regarding the voluntary, peaceful, or violent nature of this process, the vast majority of authors, regardless of their position, agree in recognizing the objective positive consequences of joining the Russian state for the Ingush, as well as for other peoples of the North Caucasus. As historians note in their works, the incorporation of the North Caucasus (including Ingushetia) into Russia had progressive significance for the preservation and full development of the peoples inhabiting it.

The article, based on the most typical publications in the central periodical press of various political views, published documents, memoir literature, and socio-political journalism of the 1990s, focuses on certain aspects of the relationship between the federal center and the Ingush people (later, the Ingush Republic) in the context of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict. It presents the most popular perspectives of the Ingush national organizations of that era. Initially, the Ingush actively supported the political course of the Russian authorities, led by Boris Yeltsin, who publicly promised to resolve the dispute over the territorial affiliation of the Prigorodny District in their favor. However, the authority of the Russian Center in the republic quickly declined due to the indecisive policy of the federal authorities regarding the transfer of disputed territories to the Ingush. In turn, the Russian government called for the legitimization of the Ingush Republic and the establishment of official authorities on its territory. In 1991-1992, this process was not completed. Later, due to the joint actions of the Russian Federation's security forces and Ossetian detachments against Ingush activists in the autumn of 1992 in the Prigorodny District, some people even sympathized with the Dudayev regime in Chechnya. The author concludes that these changes in the political attitudes of the Ingush were logical, but they were temporary and did not lead to any fatal changes in the region for the Center.

For more than three decades, which have passed since the beginning of the crisis in the Chechen Republic, etc. "Chechen" wars, "Kommersant" remains one of the few publications, consistently wrote about them – from the congress of the Chechen people in 1990, the coming to power of D. Dudaev, in combat operations as in 1994-1996 (the establishment of constitutional order), so in 1996-1999 and in 1999- early 2000s. (counterterrorism operation) to modern attempts to make sense of their implications. Unlike the official summaries, the publication gave readers not only a chronicle of the fighting but also an analysis of the conflict’s consequences. Despite a series of global crises in recent years – from Syria to the Special Military Operation in Ukraine, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict – this topic continues to occupy a special place in the public consciousness and media space of Russia. The aim is to analyze the publications of M. Muradov for 2019-2025 years. and identifying the main reasons for the enduring relevance of the topic of the “Chechen wars” in Russian society (evidenced by the millions of views of some articles on the site), as the newspaper returns to these events through eyewitness recollections, archival analysis and reporting from the uprisings of the Chechen Republic. Content analysis of articles by M. Muradova, a Chechen by nationality and an eyewitness to most of the events described, allows us to identify key narrative strategies for making sense of traumatic experience through the lens of individual trials, archival documents, and visual testimonies of devastation.

Publications M. Muradov transcend propaganda clichés, their academic rigor does not prevent them from remaining human documents of the era, displaying both major political decisions and their consequences for ordinary people. The articles combine micro-histories of eyewitnesses, criticism of all sides of the conflict, and reflection on the limits of journalism under censorship. About the interest of Russian society in the events of the late 20th and early 21st centuries say views of publications on the site of the newspaper "Kommersant".

The article is devoted to identifying some features of the study of the traditional musical culture of the Adyghe people in modern research practice. The empirical basis of the study was formed by the works of modern Caucasian scholars devoted to various aspects of the musical culture of the Adyghe people. The analysis was based on the scientific works of leading specialists in the field of Adyghe ethnomusicology, published after 1991 in scientific periodicals, conference materials, monographs, and collective works on the ethnography of the Adyghe people. It has been established that the most comprehensive studies of the Adyghe musical culture in modern historiography, covering both traditional and modern aspects, as well as the history and development of professional music, belong to A.N. Sokolova, A.V. Guchova, and Z.M. Kesheva, whose works are also summarized in the collective monograph "Adygs: Adygei. Kabardians. Circassians. Shapsugs" (Moscow, 2022). It is concluded that researchers have made a significant contribution to the study of various aspects of Adyghe musical culture, covering both traditional and modern manifestations. This has allowed researchers to explore a wide range of topics, from traditional Adyghe musical culture through the genre system, instrumental music, environmental aspects, folklore, instrumental traditions, genre transformations, and instrument inheritance, to the symbolism of archaic music, ecological consciousness in music, and the representation of images in their musical worldview.

The article examines lyrical motifs and melodies in the novel "Melodies of the Waterfall" by the Adyghe (Circassian) writer Aslan Umarovich Tuarshev (1929-2015). The relevance and novelty of the study is due to the insufficient study of this topic in national literary criticism. The main attention is paid to identifying the main themes and analyzing the system of images. Particular attention is paid to the author's skill in creating psychologically convincing images of Dal-Girey, Tengiz, Nat and Zed, as well as in the use of portrait characteristics. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made: a) sensitive perception of the surrounding world allowed A. Tuarshev to create a vivid gallery of memorable artistic images; b) the plot of the novel develops against the background of the events of the Caucasian War, which brings additional drama to the narrative; c) the work is imbued with lyrical motifs reflecting the complex interweaving of war and peace, life and death, joy and grief, love and hate. The novel reveals the psychology of the characters, gives a detailed description of their inner world. A. Tuarshev managed to reliably convey the spirit of the era and show the story of tragic love, with all the accompanying emotional experiences. The results of the study can be used in educational and research activities. 

This work analyzes the origins and theses of postmodern poetry in the North Caucasus based on the monograph "The Little Man with a Big Letter" by T.B. Gurtueva, published in 1994. It identifies changes in artistic quality related to the emphasis on the power and novelty of the message. The work also establishes other criteria associated with the postmodern narrative style, including the deconstruction of the plot, intertextuality, irony, and others. Taking into account the global events of the 20th century that led society to a postmodern state, the international approach to defining this term has been confirmed. The study presents the first attempts to describe the unique features of the poetic discourse of the North Caucasus. The author of the article draws attention to the ethnic meta-code, which, according to G. Gachev's theory of the Cosmo-Psycho-Logos of a nation, influences everything that is said and written.

The satire, which reacts most acutely to social and political changes in the life of any nation and reflects reality most truthfully, remains an understudied area in Dagestani literary studies. The article is devoted to the actual problem of the development of poetic satire in the works of Nabi Khanmurzaev (1893-1950), who played an important role in the development of satire in the Kumyk literature of the early XX century. The object of the study is the poetic satire of N. Khanmurzaev, represented by the poems “Three water mills have seven vineyards” (1919), “Sheikh” (1929), “From the spoken word in haste, the benefit will be little’ (1934), “Hitler's Funeral” (1943), the poem “Cooperative and the mouse” (1934). The aim of the article is to demonstrate his role in the development of satire in Kumyk and Dagestan literature by analyzing the ideological and moral content, thematic and genre diversity of N. Khanmurzaev's satirical poetry. Conclusions. The study revealed the role of national folklore traditions, as well as Eastern, European, Russian, and other Dagestani literatures in the development of satire in the works of Kumyk author. It was found that vividly crafted negative images he created helped to expand the thematic range of his satire, which included lyrical, socio-ideological, military, philosophical themes, and also contributed to the emergence of satirical poem and satirical play in his work. Using laughter as the main method of depicting reality, N. Khanmurzaev, achieved through sharp, denunciatory comicism, achieved a bright and peculiar outline of negative characters, embodying in them the typical images of representatives of various strata of Dagestani society. His verse satire was a notable literary phenomenon in Dagestan literature of the first half of the XX century and had a significant influence on the further development of satire in the genre.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the cycle "Poets" by the contemporary Dagestani poet Bagaudin Uzunayev. The work explores the central conflict in Uzunayev's work between genuine, divinely inspired creativity rooted in the tradition of romanticism and ancient ideals, and modern literary practice governed by market laws and pragmatism. The cycle is viewed as a holistic artistic manifesto that combines lyrical elements with sharp satire and historical and philosophical reflections with existential experiences. The article traces how the author builds his concept of poetic vocation through a system of oppositions (inspiration/monetization, poet/poet-writer, asceticism/satiety, eternal/momentary). Special attention is paid to the role of ancient reminiscences (images of Catullus, Gaius Marius, and the Castalian Spring), which serve Uzunayev to find spiritual support and draw parallels between different eras. In conclusion, the key image of the cycle is analyzed – the “narrow cell” of the wandering poet, which becomes a powerful metaphor for alienation, spiritual search, and tireless creative effort in a marginal and hostile world.

This article represents the first attempt at a literary interpretation of the novel "Father's Son" (1970) by the Abaza writer Kh.D. Zhirov. Specific examples are used to reveal the professional and personal qualities of two central figures: Amerbi, the collective farm chairman, and Zurab, the party bureau secretary. Amerbi exhibits an authoritarian leadership style, rudeness bordering on tyranny. In his interactions with his subordinates, he primarily uses accusations and threats. The chairman is uninterested in the workers' social and living conditions, tolerates no objections, and is hostile to any initiative. He ships agricultural produce to distant regions and sells it at market prices, but at the same time does not seek personal gain; he remains an experienced manager and a dedicated worker. The central idea of ​​the work is connected with this character: under the influence of the ongoing social transformations, Amerbi manages to suppress his former anti-Party tendencies and recognizes himself not only as the leader but also as part of the collective.

The chairman's antithesis is the party secretary, Zurab, a principled and strong-willed young man who champions the interests of ordinary village workers. He uncovers numerous problems: meager wages for overtime work, non-payment of bonuses to milkmaids, non-payment of extra wages to livestock breeders who spend the summer with their herds in the mountains, inadequate living conditions for collective farmers on the farm and in the tractor brigade, and inadequate animal feed rationing. Zurab is the originator of the idea to establish a kindergarten and the first to embrace the women's council's proposal to build a bathhouse in the village. While implementing these plans, the secretary is forced to confront the chairman, arguing and convincing him of the necessity of these initiatives. Zurab is a person of integrity and strong character, for whom caring for people is a top priority. But despite all its positive qualities, as an artistic image it appears paler than the relief figure of the chairman, who embodied the features and contradictions of the era of the 1950s and 60s.

This article examines Lezghin folk games, their diversity, the main approaches to systematization, and the principles of their classification. We view traditional games as a means of children's interaction with reality. They also serve as a kind of preparation for adult life. The relevance of our article is determined by two circumstances: their role in the educational process or in the organization of leisure, and also the fact that Lezghin folk games have not become the object of special study; they are considered in the work for the first time. It is sometimes difficult to recognize a game unless it is clearly structured and conditioned by formal requirements (rules). Based on folklore classification principles, we have divided children's games into various groups. We have identified games that are simple and complex, children's and adolescent, home and field games, traditional and formal, games with a stable structure and verbal formulas, sayings, rhymes, and songs, etc. It is noted that when analyzing children's folklore itself, we must focus on children of adolescence, i.e. those who are already capable of adopting elements of the adult world, and present information about the culture of the older generation, creatively interpret and reproduce it during social interaction. In this way, children give a new sound and reinterpreted meaning to folklore texts and contribute to the formation of a unified culture among their peers.

The article examines the current state of the Baksan dialect in comparison with the literary Kabardian-Cherkessian language. It is based on the monographic studies of Adyghe scholars who studied the dialects and vernaculars of the Kabardian-Cherkessian language in the 1960s. The article uses descriptive, comparative-historical, and contrastive linguistic methods. The field material covering the spoken language of the residents of Baksan and the villages of Baksanenok, Islamey, Dugulubgey, and Kishpek in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic was subjected to a comprehensive analysis. A comparative analysis of K.T. Mamreshev's research and the current state of the Baksan dialect revealed phonetic and lexical differences from the literary Kabardian-Circassian language. It was established that in the Baksan dialect, the copula suffix -s was preserved in the speech of all ages and both sexes, instead of -sh; the negative suffix -Iym was preserved instead of -kym. A linguistic analysis of the spoken language of the studied linguistic area has shown that the affrication of the back-tongue consonants gʼ, kʼ, and chIʼ into j, ch, and kI has not yet been completed in the modern Baksan dialect. The analysis also revealed a small layer of vocabulary that differs from the literary language. It is concluded that there are minor deviations from the literary norm of the Kabardian-Cherkessian language in the phonetic and lexical systems of the modern Baksan dialect.

This article is devoted to phraseology, one of the underdeveloped areas of Kabardino-Cherkess linguistics. Our primary objective was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the first and only classification of phraseological units in this language, commonly referred to as "psalaf," and to define the precise boundaries of this concept in the Kabardino-Circassian language.

Phraseology emerged as a distinct field relatively recently, based on V.V. Vinogradov's research on Russian phraseological units. Following his classification, Kabardino-Circassian phraseological units of the literary language are divided into three groups: phraseological aggregations, phraseological combinations, and phraseological units. This article outlines the principles of this classification and highlights the specific features of each group.

This article describes the first works of Adyghe scholars on phraseology, emphasizing their continued importance today.

We hope that this article will not only become a more modern and adequate classification of phraseological units, but also form the basis for sections on them in university and school textbooks.

The purpose of this work is to study the linguistic expression of one of the key aspects of human life – the sphere of hospitality, which is analyzed through the lens of paremiology. Drawing on the various works of scholars who have studied the term "hospitality," we can examine its general prototypical meaning in more detail, which summarizes the empirical understanding of this socially significant action. The work highlights the emotional and evaluative characteristics and figurative representations that are inherent in Kabardian-Circassian culture. The analysis of the communicative-pragmatic connotations of the concept under study can provide more specific data on the process of cognition of reality by speakers of different cultures, highlighting both universal and nationally specific features. The result of the study is the examination of the elements of the paremiological worldview, focusing on the phenomenon of khyeshchaghe / hospitality in the Kabardian-Cherkessian language in the context of modern linguistics. This study relies on the use of various approaches, which allows us to examine the phenomenon of hospitality from different perspectives. The combination of different methodological tools provides opportunities for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon under study. In this article, we analyze the "cultural" layer of language, which includes the Adyghe proverbial palette related to specific knowledge, by considering language as an aspect of culture. In this context, "hospitality" occupies a key position in the linguistic consciousness of the Adyghe linguistic community, being one of the main elements with national specificity. 

The article is devoted to a multidimensional study of cosmonymic models in the materials of ancient beliefs of Balkarians and Karachays peoples, formed from physico–geographical, ethnocultural, and historical–cultural appellatives with semantic motivation and term-forming positivity. It examines issues caused by the functioning of «related» cosmic names - the transfer of names of natural objects to the names of celestial bodies. The paper analyzes lexical-semantic, word-formation, grammatical features of both positional substantive components, appearing in contextual use in the position of definition, and postpositional morphologized substantive units in descriptive attributive phrases, izafet constructions. Analysis of the names of numerous space objects indicates that attributive term-forming phrases, appearing in direct and figurative meanings, in which the lexical-semantic and grammatical connection between the combined components is noted, are, on the one hand, expressors of lexical meanings, on the other – word-formation, forming schemes of formal-semantic models of ethnocultural cosmonyms and appellatives. 

The article is devoted to the vocabulary of the Karachay-Balkar language. In it, the common Turkic feature lexeme batyr ʻbraveʼ, which has a three-term homonymous paradigm, is subjected to a multi-vector analysis, and its lexical and semantic features are identified and described, as well as its representation in various types of anthroponyms denoting male individuals. The paper states that the word under analysis is associated with components that are significant for the Karachay-Balkar ethno- and linguistic culture, which have ancient roots and are still relevant today. According to the traditional worldview of the ethnic group, those who possessed qualities such as courage, bravery, and valor were referred to as batyrs, who acted as protectors of the people against external forces. The word batyr is characterized by the greatest functional and ethnocultural potential in the composition of paremiche statements of various structures and purposes. In these statements, those elements that are relevant to the paremiche worldview in terms of interpreting the ethical and aesthetic code of the Karachay-Balkar culture are actualized.

The article examines the complex of color images of Elbrus as a mechanism for translating value concepts about the highest mountain, symbolizing greatness, grace, menace and inaccessibility. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the perception of the orographic image as a specific component of the author's worldview and worldview. The scientific novelty consists in describing the coloristic representations that convey the feeling of a mountain by the authors of poetic texts, as well as in identifying the characteristic features of a locus object that is part of a linguistic and conceptual picture of the world. As a result of the study, it was found that poetic color images-symbols reflect the most important properties of the described object, they are united by a single colorimetric feature of "cold tones", semiotically related to the representation of the mountain, as well as to the emotional state of a person. Coloristic images convey the author's feelings, perception of the locus, and associations that reflect both the features of the object and the writer's worldview. It has been revealed that the dominant colors are white, gray, blue, and light blue, which correlate to varying degrees with the actual properties of the Elbrus locus. 

Modern living conditions reveal the inherent potential of language, generating new, non-codified forms. The internet is becoming the primary form of virtual communication, a channel of communication. This raises the question of a unified culture of the virtual community and its linguistic realizations. This cultural channel differs from the traditional exchange of words, symbols, and images. This article examines the online and gaming subtypes of computer discourse, which constitute an integral part of the youth sociolect. The youth sociolect is understood as a systemic formation of substandard vocabulary, characterized by a diffuse functioning, manifested in its penetration into common language. Substandard units are a unique reflection of both youth subculture and cyberculture, offering a unique new perspective on many traditional concepts and things. The language of the subculture permeates all spheres of modern society, beginning to function in literary and colloquial forms of language, and subverting codified norms at all levels of the linguistic system. The youth sociolect, fueled by the latest technologies, and the fact that English is the international language of online communication, leads to a certain blurring of the national and ethnic nature of communication. This is evident both in European languages ​​(French, Spanish, Russian, etc.) and in minority national languages, including North Caucasian languages, particularly Kabardino-Circassian, as well as Karachay-Balkar, a member of the Turkic language family. The article concludes that international youth slang is widely used, including some ethnically marked substandard linguistic inclusions that have little impact on online communication.

The relevance of this study is due to the intensification of the processes of modern intercultural communication and the growing importance of preserving ethnic language and culture in the modern sociocultural space. The article is devoted to the consideration of the ethnocultural linguistic personality of Kabardians and Balkars through the prism of prototypical features.

The research material was the paremiological units of the Kabardian and Balkarian languages.

In the work, the prototype is considered as a reference image of a native speaker of language and culture, accumulating national values and norms of behavior. The influence of ethnocultural prototypes on the formation of linguistic consciousness, a system of values and communication strategies of representatives of the titular peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria, which is a region with a rich history and a complex ethnocultural structure, is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to identifying the national-cultural specifics of communication and analyzing the verbalization of prototypes in the speech practice of the Kabardians and Balkars and justifying their significance for the formation of ethnic identity, ensuring the continuity of cultural traditions and optimizing interethnic and intercultural interaction in the republic.