Lexical and grammatical features of some loanwords from Turkish into Kabardino-Circassian

This work examines the lexical and grammatical features of loanwords from Turkish into the Kabardino-Circassian language. It is well known that there are no languages or people in the world that have not borrowed words or culture from other people. Kabardino-Circassian, with its numerous loanwords from various languages, is among these. Lexicologists believe that the largest number of loanwords are from Turkish and Arabic, not counting later borrowings from Russian. According to ethnologists, Turkish borrowings began several centuries ago. Given the specific nature of our study, we used a historical-philological method. Since the primary goal is to identify the specific features of vocabulary, grammar, and morphophonology, we also employed a comparative method. The theoretical basis for this work is based on research by renowned Adyghe lexicologists. The results of the study revealed that words from Turkish were borrowed at different times. This is evidenced by the fact that the loanwords relate to various fields: religion, fauna, flora, natural phenomena, household items, beverages, foods, trade and monetary relations, military affairs, and others. Many words from Turkish were borrowed into Kabardino-Circassian, retaining their lexical meaning. However, sometimes a borrowed word acquired a new meaning, and there are instances of homonym formation and polysemy. It is interesting that a derivative word from Turkish is borrowed into Kabardino-Circassian as a single concept. Phonetically and morphologically, borrowed words are subject to the principles of the borrowing language. The analyzed borrowed words are illustrated from the works of famous Kabardian and Circassian writers. It should be noted that research of this kind is extremely important not only for linguistics but also for history, as the vocabulary of a language can shed light on much about the people's past.

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