Terminological dictionaries of the soviet period in the Kumyk language (late 1930s – 1990s)

The article describes two terminological dictionaries of the Kumyk language related to the Soviet period (late 1930s – 1990s). The publication of terminological dictionaries is conditioned by changes in the socio-political life of society or the language policy of the state.

No terminological dictionaries were published in the pre-revolutionary period. In the pre-war Soviet period (1920s – early 1930s), 4 dictionaries (Kumyk vocabulary in Latin) were published. The Soviet period includes three stages, each of which has its own characteristics, generally characterized by the fact that in 1938 the Kumyk alphabet switched to Cyrillic, in 1958/1959 a school reform was carried out, the prestige of the Russian language increased, the internationalization of vocabulary began, and the promoted bilingualism developed asymmetrically. These facts are reflected in lexicographic practice, including terminology. In the post-Soviet period (1990 – 20s of the 21st century) – large-scale socio-economic changes, the collapse of the USSR led to the emergence of a large number of new words and, as a result, the "Russian-Kumyk Terminological Dictionary" was published in 2006.

During the analyzed Soviet period, two dictionaries were published: «Къумукъ тильни терминологический словары» («Terminological dictionary on history, language, literature, mathematics, natural science and geography») and «Школалар учун русча-къумукъча терминлер сёзлюгю. Тил, литература ва педагогика» («Russian-Kumyk school terminological dictionary»), in which the Kumyk part is rendered in Cyrillic. The author examines the macro and microstructure of these interdisciplinary bilingual Russian-Kumyk dictionaries. The article presents the main parameters of the dictionaries: by thematic orientation - interdisciplinary, by functional loading - educational, by language orientation – bilingual Russian-Kumyk terminological dictionaries. According to the features of microstructural parameters, the analyzed dictionaries are dictionaries of elementary microstructure, which represent a comparison of the vocabularies of the Russian and Kumyk languages without any additional notes. Russian terms in the Kumyk language are transmitted in the following ways: equivalent transmission, translation and calque method, phonetically adapted method and direct borrowings.

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