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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kbsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Электронный журнал «Кавказология»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kavkazologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2542-212X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КБГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31143/2542-212X-2025-4-176-185</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HVPEPE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kbsu-692</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Новейшая история</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Recent history</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Общественно-экономическое положение на Кавказе в 1930-х годах как предмет политиче-ского анализа в Соединённых Штатах Америки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The socioeconomic situation in the Caucasus in the 1930s as a subject of political analysis in the United States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3626-3913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татаров</surname><given-names>Азамат Амурович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatarov</surname><given-names>Azamat A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры всеобщей истории </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of General History</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">traveller9090@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Кавказология</issue-title><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>185</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Татаров А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Татаров А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tatarov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.caucasology.ru/jour/article/view/692">https://www.caucasology.ru/jour/article/view/692</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу восприятия Кавказа в американском политическом и экспертном дискурсе 1930-х гг. С опорой на материалы Национального архива США (NARA) рассматривается формирование американского аналитического подхода к кавказскому региону как к стратегически важной части СССР, обладающей значительным ресурсным потенциалом и сложной этнополитической структурой. Особое внимание уделено проблеме модернизации, протестным явлениям и социально-экономическим процессам, отраженным в дипломатических отчетах, меморандумах и экспертных записках Госдепартамента. В публикации прослеживается эволюция интереса США к Кавказу – от экономического сотрудничества и концессионных проектов 1920-х гг. до систематического сбора разведывательной и политической информации о положении в регионе. Показано, что в документах американские аналитики видели столкновение советской модернизации на Кавказе с устойчивым сопротивлением, и считали, что этноконфессиональные противоречия усиливают внутреннюю нестабильность СССР. Отчеты характеризует сочетание статистического и качественного анализа, внимание к нефтяной промышленности, аграрным реформам и национальной политике. Делается вывод, что американские оценки Кавказа 1930-х гг. во многом отражали идеологические установки эпохи и представление о Советском Союзе как о «колоссе на глиняных ногах», но в то же время заложили фундамент для будущих стратегических исследований региона.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to analyzing the perception of the Caucasus in the American political and expert discourse of the 1930s. Based on materials from the U.S. National Archives (NARA), it examines the formation of an American analytical approach to the Caucasian region as a strategically important part of the USSR, possessing significant resource potential and a complex ethnopolitical structure. Special attention is paid to the issues of modernization, protest movements, and socio-economic processes reflected in diplomatic reports, memoranda, and expert notes of the U.S. Department of State. The publication traces the evolution of U.S. interest in the Caucasus – from economic cooperation and concession projects of the 1920s to the systematic collection of intelligence and political information about the situation in the region. The study shows that American analysts viewed Soviet modernization in the Caucasus as facing persistent resistance and believed that ethno-religious contradictions amplified the USSR’s internal instability. The reports combined statistical and qualitative analysis, focusing on the oil industry, agrarian reforms, and national policy. It is concluded that American assessments of the Caucasus in the 1930s largely reflected the ideological context of the era and the perception of the Soviet Union as a “colossus with feet of clay,” while simultaneously laying the foundation for future strategic studies of the region.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Кавказ</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>аналитические документы</kwd><kwd>экономика</kwd><kwd>политическое положение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Caucasus</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>analytical documents</kwd><kwd>economy</kwd><kwd>political situation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вальков В.А. СССР и США (Их политические и экономические отношения). – М.: Наука, 1965. – 396 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VAL'KOV V.A. 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