kbsuЭлектронный журнал «Кавказология»Kavkazologiya2542-212XКБГУ10.31143/2542-212X-2026-1-92-107GPWTXYkbsu-679Research ArticleЭтнология, антропология и этнографияEthnology, anthropology and ethnographyМиграционные процессы в абхазском обществе: от махаджирства к глобальной диаспоре первой четверти XXI векаMigration Processes in Abkhazian Society: From Mahajirism to the Global Diaspora in the First Quarter of the 21st Centuryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-4701АйбаТамара ГурамовнаAybaTamara G.

младший научный сотрудник Отдела этнографии Кавказа 

Junior Researcher at the Department of Ethnography of the Caucasus

tamar.ayba@gmail.comМузей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) Российской академии наукРоссияPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20263103202601192107Copyright © Айба Т.Г., 20262026Айба Т.Г.Ayba T.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.caucasology.ru/jour/article/view/679

В представленной работе осуществлен комплексный этнологический анализ миграционных процессов в абхазском обществе, интерпретируемых в парадигме культурной травмы. С XIX по XXI вв. данные процессы выступали одним из факторов фундаментальной трансформации социальной структуры и коллективной идентичности абхазов. Исследование сфокусировано на генезисе миграции, детерминированной политикой Российской империи на Кавказе и послужившей одним из факторов формирования в последующем глобальной диаспоральной сети. Анализируются современные драйверы миграционных потоков, включая последствия военно-политических конфликтов XX в., а также их социально-демографические последствия для исторической родины, выразившиеся в радикальной трансформации этнодемографического ландшафта Абхазии. Особое внимание уделяется стратегиям конструирования и поддержания этнической идентичности в условиях диаспоры, в частности институционализации культурных практик, роли этнических ассоциаций и использованию цифровых технологий для трансляции культурного наследия. Центральным для анализа является этический кодекс – апсуара как ключевой механизм резистентности ассимиляционным давлениям и сохранения культурной аутентичности. Делается вывод о том, что абхазская диаспора эволюционировала в динамичный транснациональный социальный организм, пребывающий в состоянии постоянного диалога с исторической родиной и выступающий в качестве активного агента глокализации абхазской идентичности.

This paper presents a comprehensive ethnological analysis of migration processes in Abkhaz society, interpreted through the paradigm of cultural trauma. From the 19th to the 21st centuries, these processes have initiated a fundamental transformation of the social structure and collective identity of the Apsua. The study focuses on the genesis of migration, determined by the colonial policy of the Russian Empire in the Caucasus, which led to the formation of a global diaspora network. Contemporary drivers of migration flows are analyzed, including the consequences of military-political conflicts of the 20th century, as well as their socio-demographic consequences for the historical homeland, expressed in a radical transformation of the ethno-demographic landscape of Abkhazia. Particular attention is paid to strategies for constructing and maintaining ethnic identity in the diaspora, in particular, the institutionalization of cultural practices, the role of ethnic associations, and the use of digital technologies for the transmission of cultural heritage. Central to the analysis is the ethno-ethical code Apsuara as a key mechanism of resistance to assimilation pressures and the preservation of cultural authenticity. It is concluded that the Abkhaz diaspora has evolved into a dynamic transnational social organism, engaged in a constant dialogue with the historical homeland and acting as an active agent of glocalization of Abkhaz identity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.